Stack & Point Source Emissions Monitoring
What leaves the stack determines what the community breathes, and what a regulator can hold you to. We measure it to recognised methods, have it analysed at a SANAS accredited laboratory, and report it against the standards that apply in Botswana.
Analysed at a SANAS accredited laboratory
Sampling is only half of a defensible result. Every sample we collect is submitted under documented chain of custody to a laboratory accredited by the South African National Accreditation System, so the analytical side of your compliance record carries recognised accreditation behind it.
Reported against BOS 807:2023
Results are assessed and reported against Botswana Bureau of Standards requirements, including BOS 807:2023, alongside the specific conditions attached to your permit, so the report answers the question a regulator will actually ask.
What we measure
A full determinand suite, not just particulate
Incinerators, kilns, boilers and process stacks each release a different mix. We scope the determinand list to the process and the permit rather than running a fixed package.
Particulate & flow
- Total particulate matter by isokinetic sampling
- Stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate
- Gas temperature, static pressure and moisture content
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide for reference conditions
Combustion gases
- Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)
- Oxides of nitrogen (NOₓ)
- Carbon monoxide (CO)
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and oxygen (O₂)
Acid gases & inorganics
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
- Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
- Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S)
- Ammonia (NH₃), chlorine (Cl₂) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Organic compounds
- Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
- Dioxins and furans (PCDD and PCDF)
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
Metals
- Metals suite including mercury (Hg)
- Total and hexavalent chromium
- Lead, cadmium, arsenic and other regulated metals
- Speciated reporting where the permit requires it
Why operators test
Compliance is the reason to start, rarely the only benefit
Regulatory compliance
Demonstrating that a permitted process operates within its emission limits, reported against Botswana Bureau of Standards requirements including BOS 807:2023 and the conditions of your permit.
Abatement performance
Verifying that scrubbers, bag filters, cyclones and electrostatic precipitators are achieving the removal efficiency they were designed and paid for.
CEMS calibration and correlation
Reference method testing to calibrate and correlate continuous emissions monitoring systems, so the numbers your control room reads can be relied upon.
Process optimisation
Using emission data to tune combustion, feed rates and operating conditions, which frequently reduces both emissions and fuel cost at the same time.
Odour and complaint investigation
Characterising what is actually leaving the stack when a community raises a complaint, so the response rests on measurement rather than assertion.
Dispersion model input
Producing mass emission rates and source parameters in the form AERMOD and CALPUFF require, linking the stack to predicted ground level concentrations.
How we work
A result is only as good as the sampling behind it
Most disputed emission results fail on the sampling, not the analysis. A port in the wrong place, a non representative traverse, a sample drawn at the wrong velocity, and the number is indefensible no matter which laboratory reports it. We treat the sampling plane as the first control point, and we say so in the report.
See how this feeds dispersion modelling- Sampling plane assessment and port suitability review before any test
- Isokinetic sampling for particulate, with instrumental analysis for gases
- Traverse points selected so the sample represents the whole duct
- Documented chain of custody from stack to laboratory
- Analysis at a SANAS accredited laboratory
- Mass emission rates calculated and normalised to reference conditions
- Results assessed against BOS 807:2023 and your permit limits
- Reporting suitable for the regulator, the board and the community
Sources we test
From incinerators to standby generators
Point sources differ enormously in temperature, moisture, particulate loading and gas composition. The method has to follow the source.
Annual compliance test, or a problem to solve?
Tell us the source, the process and the permit conditions you are working to. We will scope the determinand list, the number of runs and the reporting you need, and quote it.